Earth Science and Evolution of Life

Earth Science    History of Life    Origin of Life    Evolve The Series

History of Earth

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The history of Earth concerns the development of planet Earth from its formation to the present day.^[1][2]

 

Nearly all branches of natural sciencehave contributed to understanding of the main events of Earth's past, characterized by constant geological change and biological evolution.

Contents

• 1Eons
• 2Geologic time scale
• 3Solar System formation
• 4Hadean and Archean Eons
  • 4.1Formation of the Moon
  • 4.2First continents
  • 4.3Oceans and atmosphere
  • 4.4Origin of life
• 5Proterozoic Eon
  • 5.1Oxygen revolution
  • 5.2Snowball Earth
  • 5.3Emergence of eukaryotes
  • 5.4Supercontinents in the Proterozoic
  • 5.5Late Proterozoic climate and life
• 6Phanerozoic Eon
  • 6.1Tectonics, paleogeography and climate
  • 6.2Cambrian explosion
  • 6.3Colonization of land
  • 6.4Evolution of tetrapods
  • 6.5Extinctions
  • 6.6Diversification of mammals
  • 6.7Human evolution
• 7See also
• 8Notes
• 9References
• 10Further reading
• 11External links

History of Vertebrates - Sea to Land

History of life

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Life timeline
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−4500 — – — – −4000 — – — – −3500 — – — – −3000 — – — – −2500 — – — – −2000 — – — – −1500 — – — – −1000 — – — – −500 — – — – 0 —	Water   Single-celled life   Photosynthesis   Eukaryotes   Multicellular life   P l a n t s   Arthropods  Molluscs Flowers Dinosaurs   Mammals Birds Primates H a d e a n A r c h e a n P r o t e r o z o i c P h a n e r o z o i c	← Earth formed (4540 mya) ← Earliest water ← Earliest life ← LHB meteorites ← Earliest oxygen ← Pongola glaciation* ← Atmospheric oxygen ← Huronian glaciation* ← Earliest multicellular life ← Earliest fungi ← Sexual reproduction ← Earliest plants ← Earliest animals ← Cryogenian ice age* ← Ediacaran biota ← Cambrian explosion ← Andean glaciation* ← Earliest tetrapods ← Karoo ice age* ← Earliest apes / humans ← Quaternary ice age*
(million years ago)

History of Life - Contents

• 1Earliest history of Earth
• 2Earliest evidence for life on Earth
• 3Origins of life on Earth
  • 3.1Independent emergence on Earth
    • 3.1.1Replication first: RNA world
    • 3.1.2Metabolism first: Iron–sulfur world
    • 3.1.3Membranes first: Lipid world
    • 3.1.4The clay hypothesis
  • 3.2Life "seeded" from elsewhere
• 4Environmental and evolutionary impact of microbial mats
• 5Diversification of eukaryotes
  • 5.1Chromatin, nucleus, endomembrane system, and mitochondria
  • 5.2Plastids
• 6Sexual reproduction and multicellular organisms
  • 6.1Evolution of sexual reproduction
  • 6.2Multicellularity
  • 6.3Fossil evidence
• 7Emergence of animals
  • 7.1Deuterostomes and the first vertebrates
• 8Colonization of land
  • 8.1Evolution of terrestrial antioxidants
  • 8.2Evolution of soil
  • 8.3Plants and the Late Devonian wood crisis
  • 8.4Land invertebrates
  • 8.5Early land vertebrates
  • 8.6Dinosaurs, birds and mammals
  • 8.7Flowering plants
  • 8.8Social insects
  • 8.9Humans
• 9Mass extinctions
• 10See also
• 11Footnotes
• 12References
• 13Bibliography
• 14Further reading
• 15External links

Abiogenesis - The Origin of Life

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents 

• 1Current life, the result of abiogenesis: biology
  • 1.1Definition of life
    • 1.1.1Fermentation
    • 1.1.2Chemiosmosis
      • 1.1.2.1ATP synthase
    • 1.1.3RNA world
  • 1.2Phylogeny and LUCA
  • 1.3Key issues in abiogenesis
    • 1.3.1Protein vs. nucleic acid as the precursor to protein synthesis
    • 1.3.2Emergence of the genetic code
    • 1.3.3Error in translation catastrophe
    • 1.3.4Homochirality
• 2Early universe and Earth
  • 2.1Early universe with first stars
  • 2.2Emergence of Earth
• 3Earliest evidence of life: palaeontology
• 4Conceptual history until the 1960s: biology
  • 4.1Panspermia
    • 4.1.1Origin of life posited directly after the Big Bang 
    • 4.1.2Panspermia by life brought from Mars to Earth
  • 4.2Spontaneous generation
    • 4.2.1General acceptance of spontaneous generation until the 19th century
    • 4.2.2Spontaneous generation considered disproven in the 19th century
    • 4.2.3Etymology of biogenesis and abiogenesis
  • 4.3Oparin: Primordial soup hypothesis
  • 4.4John Bernal
  • 4.5Miller–Urey experiment
• 5Primordial origin of biological molecules: Chemistry
  • 5.1Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
    • 5.1.1Amino acids
    • 5.1.2PAH world hypothesis
    • 5.1.3Nucleobases
    • 5.1.4The sugar glycolaldehyde
    • 5.1.5Polyphosphates
  • 5.2Chemical synthesis in the laboratory
    • 5.2.1Fox proteinoids
    • 5.2.2Sugars
    • 5.2.3Nucleobases
    • 5.2.4Use of reactions for ammonium cyanide
    • 5.2.5Effects with temperatures around the freezing point of water
    • 5.2.6Use of less-reducing gas in Miller–Urey experiment
    • 5.2.7Synthesis based on hydrogen cyanide
    • 5.2.8Issues during laboratory synthesis
  • 5.3Autocatalysis
• 6Pertinent geological environments
  • 6.1Darwin's little pond
  • 6.2Volcanic hot springs and hydrothermal vents, shallow or deep
  • 6.3Deep sea hydrothermal vents
  • 6.4Fluctuating hydrothermal pools on volcanic islands or proto-continents
  • 6.5Volcanic ash in the ocean
  • 6.6Gold's deep-hot biosphere
  • 6.7Radioactive beach hypothesis
• 7Thermodynamics, self-organization, and information: Physics
  • 7.1Thermodynamics principles: Energy and entropy
    • 7.1.1Obtaining free energy
  • 7.2Self-organization
    • 7.2.1Dissipative structuring
    • 7.2.2Self-organization by dissipative structures
• 8Encapsulation: morphology
  • 8.1Encapsulation without a membrane
    • 8.1.1Oparin's coacervate
    • 8.1.2Membraneless polyester droplets
  • 8.2Proteinoid microspheres
  • 8.3Lipid world
  • 8.4Protocells
  • 8.5Lipid vesicles formation in fresh water
  • 8.6Vesicles consisting of mixtures of RNA-like biochemicals
  • 8.7Metal-sulfide precipitates
• 9Origin of metabolism: physiology
  • 9.1Clay hypothesis
  • 9.2Iron–sulfur world
  • 9.3Zinc-world hypothesis
• 10Other abiogenesis scenarios
  • 10.1Chemical pathways described by computer
  • 10.2The hypercycle
  • 10.3Organic pigments in dissipative structures
  • 10.4Protein amyloid
  • 10.5Fluctuating salinity: dilute and dry-down
  • 10.6A first protein that condenses substrates during thermal cycling: thermosynthesis
  • 10.7Pre-RNA world: The ribose issue and its bypass
  • 10.8RNA structures
  • 10.9Viral origin
  • 10.10RNA world
  • 10.11RNA-DNA world
• 11Experiments on the origin of life
• 12See also
• 13References
  • 13.1Sources
  • 13.2Further reading
• 14External links

Life Begins

How Did Life Begin : Documentary on the Origins of Life on Earth (Full Documentary)

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Evolve - The 11 Part Series

Sight, Sex, Size, Flight, Skin, Communication, Guts, Venom, Speed, Jaws and Shape.

Evolve - 01 - Evolution of Sight


Evolve - 02 - Evolution of Sex


Evolve - 03 - Evolution of Size


Evolve - 04 - Evolution of Flight


Evolve - 05 - Evolution of Skin


Evolve - 06 - Evolution of Communication


Evolve - 07 - Evolution of Guts


Evolve - 08 - Evolution of Venom


Evolve - 09 - Evolution of Speed

Evolve - -10 - Evolution of Jaws


Evolve - 11 - Evolution of Shape


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