Earth Science and Evolution of Life

Earth Science    History of Life    Origin of Life   

      <--   Videos on this Page   -->   How our Planet Formed -video directly below History of Vertebrates - Sea to Land History of the Earth in 2 Hours Complete Story of our Existence Life Begins Crash Course How Did Life Begin Evolve The Series -Evolution of Sight -Evolution of Sex -Evolution of Size -Evolution of Flight -Evolution of Skin -Evolution of Communication -Evolution of Guts -Evolution of Venom -Evolution of Speed -Evolution of Jaws -Evolution of Shape Conclusion

History of Earth

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The history of Earth concerns the development of planet Earth from its formation to the present day.^[1][2]

 

Nearly all branches of natural sciencehave contributed to understanding of the main events of Earth's past, characterized by constant geological change and biological evolution.

Contents

• 1Eons
• 2Geologic time scale
• 3Solar System formation
• 4Hadean and Archean Eons
  • 4.1Formation of the Moon
  • 4.2First continents
  • 4.3Oceans and atmosphere
  • 4.4Origin of life
• 5Proterozoic Eon
  • 5.1Oxygen revolution
  • 5.2Snowball Earth
  • 5.3Emergence of eukaryotes
  • 5.4Supercontinents in the Proterozoic
  • 5.5Late Proterozoic climate and life
• 6Phanerozoic Eon
  • 6.1Tectonics, paleogeography and climate
  • 6.2Cambrian explosion
  • 6.3Colonization of land
  • 6.4Evolution of tetrapods
  • 6.5Extinctions
  • 6.6Diversification of mammals
  • 6.7Human evolution
• 7See also
• 8Notes
• 9References
• 10Further reading
• 11External links

History of Vertebrates - Sea to Land

History of life

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Life timeline
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−4500 — – — – −4000 — – — – −3500 — – — – −3000 — – — – −2500 — – — – −2000 — – — – −1500 — – — – −1000 — – — – −500 — – — – 0 —	Water   Single-celled life   Photosynthesis   Eukaryotes   Multicellular life   P l a n t s   Arthropods  Molluscs Flowers Dinosaurs   Mammals Birds Primates H a d e a n A r c h e a n P r o t e r o z o i c P h a n e r o z o i c	← Earth formed (4540 mya) ← Earliest water ← Earliest life ← LHB meteorites ← Earliest oxygen ← Pongola glaciation* ← Atmospheric oxygen ← Huronian glaciation* ← Earliest multicellular life ← Earliest fungi ← Sexual reproduction ← Earliest plants ← Earliest animals ← Cryogenian ice age* ← Ediacaran biota ← Cambrian explosion ← Andean glaciation* ← Earliest tetrapods ← Karoo ice age* ← Earliest apes / humans ← Quaternary ice age*
(million years ago)

History of Life - Contents

• 1Earliest history of Earth
• 2Earliest evidence for life on Earth
• 3Origins of life on Earth
  • 3.1Independent emergence on Earth
    • 3.1.1Replication first: RNA world
    • 3.1.2Metabolism first: Iron–sulfur world
    • 3.1.3Membranes first: Lipid world
    • 3.1.4The clay hypothesis
  • 3.2Life "seeded" from elsewhere
• 4Environmental and evolutionary impact of microbial mats
• 5Diversification of eukaryotes
  • 5.1Chromatin, nucleus, endomembrane system, and mitochondria
  • 5.2Plastids
• 6Sexual reproduction and multicellular organisms
  • 6.1Evolution of sexual reproduction
  • 6.2Multicellularity
  • 6.3Fossil evidence
• 7Emergence of animals
  • 7.1Deuterostomes and the first vertebrates
• 8Colonization of land
  • 8.1Evolution of terrestrial antioxidants
  • 8.2Evolution of soil
  • 8.3Plants and the Late Devonian wood crisis
  • 8.4Land invertebrates
  • 8.5Early land vertebrates
  • 8.6Dinosaurs, birds and mammals
  • 8.7Flowering plants
  • 8.8Social insects
  • 8.9Humans
• 9Mass extinctions
• 10See also
• 11Footnotes
• 12References
• 13Bibliography
• 14Further reading
• 15External links

Abiogenesis - The Origin of Life

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents 

• 1Current life, the result of abiogenesis: biology
  • 1.1Definition of life
    • 1.1.1Fermentation
    • 1.1.2Chemiosmosis
      • 1.1.2.1ATP synthase
    • 1.1.3RNA world
  • 1.2Phylogeny and LUCA
  • 1.3Key issues in abiogenesis
    • 1.3.1Protein vs. nucleic acid as the precursor to protein synthesis
    • 1.3.2Emergence of the genetic code
    • 1.3.3Error in translation catastrophe
    • 1.3.4Homochirality
• 2Early universe and Earth
  • 2.1Early universe with first stars
  • 2.2Emergence of Earth
• 3Earliest evidence of life: palaeontology
• 4Conceptual history until the 1960s: biology
  • 4.1Panspermia
    • 4.1.1Origin of life posited directly after the Big Bang 
    • 4.1.2Panspermia by life brought from Mars to Earth
  • 4.2Spontaneous generation
    • 4.2.1General acceptance of spontaneous generation until the 19th century
    • 4.2.2Spontaneous generation considered disproven in the 19th century
    • 4.2.3Etymology of biogenesis and abiogenesis
  • 4.3Oparin: Primordial soup hypothesis
  • 4.4John Bernal
  • 4.5Miller–Urey experiment
• 5Primordial origin of biological molecules: Chemistry
  • 5.1Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
    • 5.1.1Amino acids
    • 5.1.2PAH world hypothesis
    • 5.1.3Nucleobases
    • 5.1.4The sugar glycolaldehyde
    • 5.1.5Polyphosphates
  • 5.2Chemical synthesis in the laboratory
    • 5.2.1Fox proteinoids
    • 5.2.2Sugars
    • 5.2.3Nucleobases
    • 5.2.4Use of reactions for ammonium cyanide
    • 5.2.5Effects with temperatures around the freezing point of water
    • 5.2.6Use of less-reducing gas in Miller–Urey experiment
    • 5.2.7Synthesis based on hydrogen cyanide
    • 5.2.8Issues during laboratory synthesis
  • 5.3Autocatalysis
• 6Pertinent geological environments
  • 6.1Darwin's little pond
  • 6.2Volcanic hot springs and hydrothermal vents, shallow or deep
  • 6.3Deep sea hydrothermal vents
  • 6.4Fluctuating hydrothermal pools on volcanic islands or proto-continents
  • 6.5Volcanic ash in the ocean
  • 6.6Gold's deep-hot biosphere
  • 6.7Radioactive beach hypothesis
• 7Thermodynamics, self-organization, and information: Physics
  • 7.1Thermodynamics principles: Energy and entropy
    • 7.1.1Obtaining free energy
  • 7.2Self-organization
    • 7.2.1Dissipative structuring
    • 7.2.2Self-organization by dissipative structures
• 8Encapsulation: morphology
  • 8.1Encapsulation without a membrane
    • 8.1.1Oparin's coacervate
    • 8.1.2Membraneless polyester droplets
  • 8.2Proteinoid microspheres
  • 8.3Lipid world
  • 8.4Protocells
  • 8.5Lipid vesicles formation in fresh water
  • 8.6Vesicles consisting of mixtures of RNA-like biochemicals
  • 8.7Metal-sulfide precipitates
• 9Origin of metabolism: physiology
  • 9.1Clay hypothesis
  • 9.2Iron–sulfur world
  • 9.3Zinc-world hypothesis
• 10Other abiogenesis scenarios
  • 10.1Chemical pathways described by computer
  • 10.2The hypercycle
  • 10.3Organic pigments in dissipative structures
  • 10.4Protein amyloid
  • 10.5Fluctuating salinity: dilute and dry-down
  • 10.6A first protein that condenses substrates during thermal cycling: thermosynthesis
  • 10.7Pre-RNA world: The ribose issue and its bypass
  • 10.8RNA structures
  • 10.9Viral origin
  • 10.10RNA world
  • 10.11RNA-DNA world
• 11Experiments on the origin of life
• 12See also
• 13References
  • 13.1Sources
  • 13.2Further reading
• 14External links

Human Evolution: The Complete Story Of Our Existence

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Life Begins

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How Did Life Begin : Documentary on the Origins of Life on Earth (Full Documentary)

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Evolve - The 11 Part Series

Sight, Sex, Size, Flight, Skin, Communication, Guts, Venom, Speed, Jaws and Shape.

Evolve - 01 - Evolution of Sight

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Evolve - 02 - Evolution of Sex

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Evolve - 03 - Evolution of Size

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Evolve - 04 - Evolution of Flight

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Evolve - 05 - Evolution of Skin

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Evolve - 06 - Evolution of Communication

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Evolve - 07 - Evolution of Guts

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Evolve - 08 - Evolution of Venom

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Evolve - 09 - Evolution of Speed

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Evolve - -10 - Evolution of Jaws

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Evolve - 11 - Evolution of Shape

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