Diogenes of Sinope

The son of a disreputable money-changer who had been sent to prison for defacing the coinage. ...Diogenes' aim in life was to do as his father had done, to 'deface the coinage,' but on a much larger scale. 

He would deface all the coinage current in the world. Every conventional stamp was false. 

The men stamped as generals and kings; the things stamped as honour and wisdom and happiness and riches; all were base metal with lying superscription.

He decided to live like a dog, and was therefore called a "cynic," which means "canine." He rejected all conventions - whether of religion, of manners, of dress, of housing, of food, or of decency...

Bertrand Russell’s Original Text;

Happiness, for Diogenes, was to be found in radical autonomy. For Diogenes and the other Cynics the best way to achieve this autonomy was to minimize one's dependence upon things and people. The ascetic lifestyle that Diogenes pursued--which involved sleeping out of doors in cold weather and eating whatever he could obtain--was an expression
of this ideal, which also prepared the Cynic
for anything that might happen.

Nevertheless, it seems that Diogenes was not against pleasure (as his masturbation implies): when reproved for walking out of a brothel (where apparently he had been enjoying, apparently for free, the services offered) he replied that he should be reproved for walking in rather than walking out. He also enjoyed warming himself in the sun, which is what, according to tradition, he was engaged in doing when encountered by Alexander the Great.

Diogenes maintained that all the artificial growths of society were incompatible with happiness and that morality implies a return to the simplicity of nature. So great was his austerity and simplicity that the Stoics http://tinyurl.com/gnf7e would later claim him to be a sage or "sophos", a perfect man. In his words, "Man has complicated every simple gift of the gods."...

...the son of a disreputable money-changer who had been sent to prison for defacing the coinage. ...His aim in life was to do as his father had done, to 'deface the coinage,' but on a much larger scale. He would deface all the coinage current in the world. Every conventional stamp was false. The men stamped as generals and kings; the things stamped as honour and wisdom and happiness and riches; all were base metal with lying superscription.

He decided to live like a dog, and was therefore called a "cynic," which means "canine." He rejected all conventions—whether of religion, of manners, of dress, of housing, of food, or of decency...

http://www.amazon.com/History-Western-Philosophy-Bertrand-Russell/dp/0671201581

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogenes_of_Sinope